(1) Environmental monitoring and analysis instruments Japan and the United States and other developed countries are in the world's leading position in the development, research, and technology research and development of environmental monitoring and analysis instruments. General-purpose large and medium-sized analytical instruments have a relatively high environmental requirement for installation and application. Therefore, they are mostly used for environmental monitoring and scientific research in laboratories, as well as more difficult and technically sound monitoring and analysis. Due to the complexity of the environmental sample matrix, a number of new sample preparation techniques are used.
Open UV, IR and TOFMS are new areas of real-time monitoring of organic pollutants in the air. In addition, FTIR detectors have become the first choice for developed countries in the prevention of sudden organic leakage and chemical terror.
For example, Biochip's biochip technology has been used for the monitoring of wastewater in Europe and North America. The biochip detection technology based on PCR, ELISA and SPR has developed rapidly. In the United States, ELISA technology has been adopted as an EPA standard.
(2) Air pollution detection technologies and equipment In recent years, foreign efforts have been devoted to the development of long-pathlength absorption spectrometers based on laser light sources, which have higher monitoring sensitivity, but are still in the experimental stage. In the field of air pollution detection laser radar, in recent years, differential absorption laser radar with high detection sensitivity has been developed for high temporal and spatial resolution detection of urban atmospheric environment and urban pollution sources. Countries such as Germany, the United States, Italy and Sweden have successfully developed vehicle-mounted differential absorption laser radar prototypes and are currently conducting practical tests. Considering that the technology of differential absorption lidar is complex, the cost is high, the reliability still needs to be improved, and the technical quality of the operation and maintenance personnel is too high, it is estimated that it is difficult to popularize the use in the near future. Therefore, countries in the world are also developing Raman laser radar technology. Although the detection sensitivity of Raman laser radar is poor, its structure is simple, its construction cost is low, its performance is reliable, and it is convenient to use and maintain, making it very suitable for monitoring the flow of urban air pollution sources, which just makes up for the conventional optical monitoring methods for pollution source monitoring. Lack of capacity.
(3) Status of China's environmental monitoring and detection instruments China's environmental monitoring instruments are mostly middle- and low-grade products from small and medium-sized enterprises. They have low technological level, single product types, high failure rate, and short service life. As a result, monitoring frequency is low, sampling error is large, monitoring data is inaccurate, and sewage status cannot be reflected promptly. This not only affects the scientific decision-making of environmental management and the seriousness of law enforcement, but also tends to dampen the enthusiasm of enterprises for pollution control and environmental protection. The newly developed domestic in-situ hot-wet sampling method achieves the requirements for on-line automatic monitoring of smoke and dust and total control of smoke and dust. However, there are many kinds of pollution emission on-line monitoring systems to solve the measurement problems caused by high temperature, high humidity, and high particulate matter content. The manual comparison of automatic monitoring of drainage and exhaust pollution items, the improvement of data quality, and the development of monitoring instruments for PM10 and PM2.5, as well as the accuracy of the monitoring data of different principle instruments, have a wide gap in China.