Scissor lifts are a crucial piece of equipment in many industries, providing workers with a stable platform to perform tasks at elevated heights. These lifts are commonly used in construction, retail, entertainment, and manufacturing sectors due to their versatility and ease of use. Unlike aerial work platforms, scissor lifts operate by using a vertical lifting mechanism composed of crossed beams that resemble the shape of scissors, hence the name.
Because of their structural design, many scissor lifts fall under OSHA’s scaffolding standards, which emphasize safety and proper operation. While scissor lifts are generally safe when used correctly, there are several risks to be aware of, including falls from the platform and potential tip-overs. Although rare, beam collapse can occur if the machine is not maintained or operated according to the manufacturer's guidelines.
The two leading manufacturers in the industry today are JLG and Terex’s Genie, both known for producing reliable and high-quality scissor lifts. Understanding the design and limitations of these lifts is essential for safe operation.
### Scissor Lift Design
A scissor lift functions as a mobile mechanical scaffold, allowing workers to reach heights between 25 to 50 feet. The platform size typically ranges from 24 to 36 inches deep and 48 to 72 inches wide, accommodating one to four people depending on weight capacity. Each model has specific height and weight limits, so it's important to review the specifications before use.
Operators can control the lift either from the base or directly on the platform. Some models allow movement while the platform is extended, but this feature can increase the risk of accidents. Many manufacturers advise against moving the lift when it's fully extended to ensure stability.
Source: OSHA
Notes: Scissor lifts get their name from the cross beams that move like scissors to raise and lower the platform.
### General Safety Measures
Before operating a scissor lift, it's crucial to assess the worksite and identify any hazards. Operators should implement effective controls for fall protection, stabilization, and positioning. Only trained personnel should be permitted to use scissor lifts to reduce the risk of accidents.
### Fall Protection
To prevent falls, scissor lifts must have guardrails installed around the platform. These rails serve as attachment points for harnesses and lanyards. Workers should never stand on the guardrails and should keep their tools and materials within easy reach to avoid leaning off the platform.
- Always check that guardrails are in place before starting work.
- Never stand on the guardrails.
- Keep all work within arm's reach to avoid overreaching.
Notes: Standing on the railings increases the risk of falling. Using a body harness can add an extra layer of safety.
### Stabilization
Maintaining stability is key to preventing tip-overs. Operators should ensure the surface is level and firm. Most scissor lifts require flat ground, though some models are designed for rough terrain. It's important to avoid moving the lift while it's raised, and outdoor use should only occur in favorable weather conditions.
- Do not move the lift while it's elevated.
- Avoid using the lift in strong winds (typically above 28 mph).
- Never exceed the load limit, as this increases the risk of collapse.
Scissor lifts can tip over if used on uneven surfaces, struck by objects, or if they hit obstacles while extended.
 
Notes: Tip-overs can occur if the lift hits an object while extended or is struck at the base.
### Positioning
Proper positioning is vital to avoid hazards such as crushing and electrocution. Operators should be cautious of power lines and other overhead obstructions. If a scissor lift comes into contact with electrical lines, even without direct contact, an arc flash could occur, posing a serious risk.
- Be aware of overhead hazards like power lines.
- Avoid moving the lift near people or objects.
- Stay clear of electrical sources during operation.
 
Notes: Operators must remain vigilant when raising or lowering the platform and when moving the lift along the ground.
### Group Discussion Topics
- Is the scissor lift in good condition? Perform a daily visual inspection.
- Are there any nearby hazards, such as power lines or gas pipes?
- Is the floor surface suitable for operating the lift?
- How many people will be on the platform, and does the total weight comply with limits?
- What factors could lead to the lift tipping over?
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