Analysis: The gap between the level of China's CNC machine tools and the world's CNC machine tools

Since the United States developed a CNC lathe at the end of the 1950s, the machine tool manufacturing industry has entered the digital control era. China also produced the first generation of CNC machine tools in the 1960s. However, when China entered the era, everyone knew that. . In the 1980s we went to see the world's level of CNC machine tools, the gap is 20 years, in fact, there is still hope to catch up, but the state-owned factories do not push forward, to the 90's, we look at the world level, has been 30 years The gap is. Before China’s reform and opening up, it was the way of the Soviet Union. What is the way of the Soviet Union? For example, to produce an axis, the Soviet Union’s approach is to build a dedicated production line with multiple dedicated machine tools. The advantage is that batching is easy. Go up, but once the parameters of this axis have changed, the line will be scrapped and the production staff will have nothing to do. In the 1960s-1980s, a state-owned factory produced a product that was unchanged for decades. After the 1980s, at the time of the commodity economy, these factories couldn't adapt quickly to the market and business was difficult. By the 1990s, a large number of bankruptcies occurred and a large number of employees were laid off.

Modern production also has large-scale production, but it is mainly single-piece small batches. No matter what kind, as long as your equipment is numerically controlled, it will adapt quickly. The path of professional machine tools has come to an end. The way the West took is different from that of the former Soviet Union. The “Toshiba” incident in the year was the result of Toshiba’s sale of several 5-axis CNC milling machines to the Soviet Union, allowing the Soviet Union to propel the submarine propeller. The manufacturing was on a scale, so that the US sonar could not hear the sound of the submarine, so the United States must punish Toshiba. It can be seen from this that the former Soviet Union's machine tool manufacturing industry also lags behind, and they are behind and we need not even mention it.

Although the United States has developed the world's first CNC machine tool, the development of CNC machine tools still requires the number of Germany. Germany has always been the world’s number one in terms of machinery. CNC machine tools are nothing more than mechanical and electrical integration. Germany has no problem with machinery. The rest is the electronic system. Germany’s electronic system industry is already strong, so in the last century, six and seven In the tenth generation, Germany made the machine industry's ears.

Why can't the United States become a big manufacturer of CNC machine tools? This was related to those people who had formulated industrial policies at that time. In addition, at the time, the United States had a labor force that was more expensive than buying. Machine tools are industries with large investment, slow performance, and low rate of return, and they require technology accumulation. Not very much with the United States. But later, the United States discovered that the machine tool was a strategic material. Without it, aircraft, artillery, tanks, and warships were all having problems. Therefore, they reformulated policies, built up some machine tool factories, and stipulated that some units could only purchase domestic equipment. Also have to buy, this has retained some CNC machine tool industry for the United States.

In that year, the manufacturing capabilities of CNC machine tools in South Korea and Taiwan were slightly stronger than those in the mainland, but the level was almost the same. They also introduced technology development in the 1990s. South Korea should be a bit better. It has its own manufactured, commercialized CNC system, but the machine tools imported into China should be our request. We can't believe in their system. There are two major CNC machine tools in Korea: Daewoo and Hyundai. Daewoo currently has joint ventures in China. Taiwan's machine tools are about the same as us, and we build our own machinery. However, their machine tools are of poor quality and have a short life span. Their influence in the mainland is currently very bad. In fact, they are better than our homemade ones. However, our own difference, we can tolerate that Taiwan’s machine tools are bought with US dollars. If it is not used well, then the fire will be big. Taiwan’s major machine tool factories have already planned to relocate their factories to the mainland, most of them in Shanghai. These factories are currently playing the "domestic" banner in domestic competition.

The development of CNC technology in China started in the 1950s. Through the introduction of CNC technology during the “6th Five-Year Plan” period, the organization organized digestion and absorption of “Sci-Tech research” during the “7th Five-Year Plan” period. China's CNC technology and CNC industry have achieved considerable results. Especially in recent years, China's CNC industry has developed rapidly. The average annual growth rate of domestic CNC machine tool production and consumption from 1998 to 2004 was 39.3% and 34.9%, respectively. Despite this, the development momentum of imported machine tools is still strong. From 2002, China has become the world's largest machine tool consumer and the largest machine tool importer in the world for three consecutive years. In 2004, China's machine tool host consumption reached US$ 9.46 billion, and it is a domestic CNC machine tool manufacturer. The gap between research and development of medium-to-high-end and large-scale numerical control machine tools and foreign countries is even more pronounced. More than 70% of such equipment and most of the functional components rely on imports.

It can be seen that domestic CNC machine tools, especially middle-to-high-end CNC machine tools, still lack market competitiveness. The main reasons for this are the insufficient research and development depth of domestic CNC machine tools, the fact that the manufacturing level is still lagging behind, service awareness and capability are lacking, and numerical control, system production and application Inadequate promotion and lack of numerical control personnel. We should clearly see the situation, fully understand the inadequacies of domestic CNC machine tools, strive to develop advanced technologies, and increase technical innovation and training services to shorten the gap with developed countries.

Recently, with the economic development of China, it has also attracted the attention of some major machine tool manufacturers in the world. In 2000, the largest machine tool manufacturer, Mazak, set up a joint venture of CNC machine tools in Yinchuan, China. It is said that the manufacturing level is quite high. "Intelligent, networked" factory, synchronized with the world.

At present, the state has formulated some policies to encourage the use of domestically-made CNC machine tools, and manufacturers are also trying to catch up. The most domestic companies that buy machine tools are military enterprises. In a purchase plan, 80% of them are imported, and domestic machine tools cannot meet the needs. This trend will not change in the next five years. However, as far as the domestic needs are concerned, our country's CNC machine tools are currently able to satisfy orders for medium and low-end products. We should clearly see the situation, fully understand the inadequacies of domestic CNC machine tools, strive to develop advanced technologies, and increase technical innovation and training services to shorten the gap with developed countries.