Battery big PK future lead-acid battery is stable in the secondary battery market
In the comparison of the properties of lithium batteries and lead-acid batteries , two different types of batteries have their own advantages. The biggest advantage of lead-acid batteries is that the applicable temperature band is very wide. The discharge function is good in a low temperature environment, and the body does not explode in a high temperature environment, and the safety performance is high. Another big advantage is its low price, thanks to its rich raw materials and high resource recycling rates. In contrast lithium battery, it has the advantage of high energy density battery, which can make it new energy vehicles require high endurance open market.
Figure 1: Comparison of properties of lithium battery and lead-acid battery
Lithium battery, lead-acid battery application field comparison, the two will compete fiercely in the field of electric vehicles in the future
The different attribute characteristics of lithium batteries and lead-acid batteries also determine the different application areas of the two, and the high safety and low price of lead-acid batteries make them popular in many applications. The lightweight and portable nature of the lithium battery allows it to capture the small battery market, such as mobile phone batteries and laptop batteries. The field where lithium batteries and lead-acid batteries will meet in the future will be in the electric bicycle market and the electric vehicle market. Currently, in the electric bicycle market, lead-acid batteries account for 95% of the market. In the field of new energy vehicles, due to the implementation of the latest subsidy policy, the energy density of automobile batteries is put forward higher, which also promotes the development of lithium batteries with high energy density in this industry.
Figure 2: Comparison of main application areas of lithium batteries and lead-acid batteries
Li "lithium" policy development brings vitality to the development of lithium battery industry
At the end of 2017, "Electric Battery for Electric Bicycles, Part 1 Technical Conditions" and "Electric Power Storage Battery Part 2, Product Variety Specifications" were released and officially implemented on July 1, 2018. The new national standard of the battery has clear regulations on the energy density of the battery, and the standard for battery lightweighting has been set. As the new standard clearly states, the quality of the whole vehicle of the electric vehicle must not exceed 55KG. This hard requirement means that many lead-acid batteries will be eliminated. At the same time, it means that the lightweight and portable lithium battery will usher in the spring of development.
In addition, the "four-wheel low-speed electric vehicle technical conditions (draft)" is also released soon. According to the environmental protection, the draft requires that the power battery products can only use the power lithium battery . If the draft comes to the fore, lithium-ion batteries will accelerate under the guidance of national policies, and lead-acid batteries will lose opportunities in this area.
Figure 3: Lee "Lithium" policy content map
The recycling process can't be broken in a short time, which makes the company's production and recycling of lithium ions deterred.
Before the country released the new national standard for batteries, lead-acid batteries are invincible in the secondary power market, and the biggest killer is cheap. Compared with lithium batteries, the lead-acid battery production process is very simple, does not require special production environment control, purchase production machines and environmental purification machines, can be put into production; lithium batteries are different, the production process requires very precise production conditions The premise of realizing these precise production conditions is a large amount of upfront capital investment, which also brings huge costs to the production of lithium batteries.
But the fact that lithium electronics really deter companies is the complexity of their recycling process. Firstly, the lithium battery must be pretreated. There are many processes in this process. Only the plastic and metal shell can be recycled after the battery is disassembled. The recycling cost is high. As far as the pretreatment step is concerned, it is already lost and sold; after the pretreatment, The extraction of the positive electrode of the electrode is very difficult, and the treatment of the waste liquid after extraction is also costly, the process is heavy and the cost is high, which makes the recovery of lithium electrons in domestic enterprises discouraged.
In contrast, lead-acid batteries, because lead, plastic shell, separator, and sulfuric acid in the battery can be recycled and reused, so the waste lead-acid battery is a very valuable thing. Moreover, the recycling process of used lead-acid batteries is also simpler. Recycling used lead-acid batteries is recycling “moneyâ€. Enterprises that will settle accounts are more active in the recovery of lead-acid batteries, and further recycle the production of lead-acid batteries.
In a short period of time, the cumbersome treatment of lithium battery recycling in the pre-processing stage is still avoided according to law, and the disposal of waste liquid is also costly, unless the recycling of lithium battery can usher in a major technological breakthrough, so that the recovery of lithium battery is profitable, otherwise, The battery recycling market is still the market for lead-acid batteries, and lithium batteries cannot really replace lead-acid batteries.
Figure 4: Lithium battery and lead-acid battery production process and recycling comparison
In summary, due to the high endurance demand characteristics, lithium batteries will shine in the application field of new energy vehicles. The development of new energy vehicles and the guidance of national policies will definitely promote the development of the lithium battery industry. However, the high cost of lithium battery in the production and recycling process can not be ignored, the high safety of lead-acid storage and the low cost brought by high resource recycling characteristics are also favored by manufacturers, so for a long time in the future Before the breakthrough of lithium battery recycling technology, lead-acid batteries are still stable in the secondary power market.
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