Chlorination roasting (3)
The chlorination reaction is a reversible reaction. The extent of the reaction is related to the temperature and to the relative proportions of the components in the gas phase, as for the following reactions:
Wherein P' ci2 and p' o2 are the partial pressures of chlorine and oxygen in the gas phase of the reaction system, respectively. When the reaction is balanced, â–³G=0, so:
Where P ci2 and p o2 are the partial pressures of chlorine and oxygen in the gas phase at the time of reaction equilibrium, respectively.
The necessary conditions for the reaction to proceed in the direction of chloride formation are Otherwise, the metal chloride is oxidized oxygen. When the metal oxide is chlorinated by chlorine gas, a certain chlorine to oxygen ratio is required, and the ratio of the ratio is related to the reaction temperature, and the lowest value can be estimated by the ΔG° value at the temperature. Therefore, under certain temperature conditions, the purpose of selective chlorination separation can be achieved by controlling a certain ratio of chlorine to oxygen. The chlorine-oxygen ratio of the reaction system can be increased by increasing the partial pressure of chlorine in the system or reducing the partial pressure of oxygen in the system. Adding a reducing agent is an effective method for reducing the partial pressure of oxygen in the system. Carbon, carbon monoxide, sulfur, hydrogen, etc. can be used as a reducing agent, and carbon and carbon monoxide are commonly used. The reaction in the reduction of chlorination can be expressed as:
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Since ΔG° CO is a relatively large negative value, ΔG° A < ΔG° 1 . The relationship between ΔG°-T of some metal oxides and carbon chlorination is shown in Fig. 6 and Fig. 7. Compared with Fig. 5, it can be seen that in the presence of solid carbon, metal oxides are more easily chlorinated by chlorine gas, and even some Light metals and rare metal oxides that are difficult to be directly chlorinated by chlorine gas are also easily chlorinated by chlorine (such as oxides such as titanium , magnesium , tin, etc.).
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