Steel pipes with a hollow section where the length far exceeds the diameter or circumference come in various forms. Depending on their cross-sectional shape, they can be categorized as circular, square, rectangular, or special-shaped steel pipes. When considering materials, they include carbon structural steel pipes, low-alloy structural steel pipes, alloy steel pipes, and composite steel pipes. These pipes are utilized in thermal equipment, the petrochemical industry, machinery manufacturing, geological drilling, high-pressure equipment, and more. Based on the production process, they are divided into seamless steel pipes and welded steel pipes. Seamless steel pipes can be further classified as hot-rolled or cold-rolled (drawn), while welded steel pipes are split into straight-seam welded steel pipes and spiral-seam welded steel pipes.
Steel pipes are not just used for conveying fluids and powdered solids, transferring thermal energy, creating machine components and containers, but also serve as an economical form of steel. Utilizing steel pipes for building structural grids, columns, and mechanical supports reduces weight, conserves between 20-40% of metal, and allows for factory-based mechanized construction. Constructing highway bridges using steel pipes not only saves steel and simplifies construction but also significantly reduces the protective coating area, cutting down on investment and maintenance costs.
Steel pipes can be grouped into two main categories based on their production method: seamless steel pipes and welded steel pipes, often simply called welded pipes. Seamless steel pipes are crafted from high-quality carbon steel or alloy steel and come in both hot-rolled and cold-rolled (drawn) versions. These pipes are manufactured through various methods such as hot rolling, cold drawing, precision processing, hot expansion, cold spinning, and extrusion.
Welded steel pipes, on the other hand, vary depending on their welding process, including furnace welding, electric welding (resistance welding), and automatic arc welding. They are further divided into straight-seam welded pipes and spiral-seam welded pipes. In terms of material, steel pipes can be classified as carbon pipes, alloy pipes, and stainless steel pipes. Carbon pipes consist of regular carbon steel pipes and high-quality carbon structural pipes, while alloy pipes include low-alloy pipes, alloy structural pipes, high alloy pipes, high-strength pipes, bearing pipes, heat and acid-resistant stainless pipes, precision alloy (like Kovar) pipes, and superalloy pipes.
Based on their connection method, steel pipes can be either bare pipes (without threads) or threaded pipes. Threaded pipes are further subdivided into standard threaded pipes and thickened threaded pipes, which can have external, internal, or both internal and external threading. The threading can also differ by thread type, including ordinary cylindrical or conical threads and special threading.
In terms of surface coating, steel pipes can be classified as black pipes (uncoated) or coated pipes. Coated pipes encompass galvanized pipes, aluminized pipes, chrome-plated pipes, and other alloy-coated pipes. Coatings can also be applied internally, externally, or both, with common materials including plastics, epoxy resins, coal tar epoxy resins, and various glass-based corrosion-resistant coatings. Galvanized pipes are further categorized as KBG pipes, JDG pipes, and threaded pipes.
When considering usage, steel pipes are used in numerous sectors. For instance, they are utilized in water, gas, steam, and oil pipelines, agricultural irrigation systems, and oil and natural gas trunk lines. In thermal equipment, they serve as boiling water pipes, superheated steam pipes for boilers, and high-temperature and high-pressure boiler pipes. In the machinery industry, they are used for aviation structures, automotive axles, transformers, and bearing tubes. For petroleum geological drilling, they include oil drill pipes, drill collars, tubing, casing, and various pipe joints. In the chemical industry, they are used in oil cracking, heat exchangers, fertilizer high-pressure pipes, and chemical medium transport. Additionally, they are found in containers, instrumentation, watches, medical devices, and more.
When classifying steel pipes by their cross-sectional shape, they are typically divided into round steel pipes and special-shaped steel pipes. Special-shaped steel pipes refer to those with non-circular cross-sections. Steel pipe products are incredibly diverse in terms of steel grades and varieties, with each having unique performance requirements that adapt to changing user needs or working conditions. Classification is generally done based on cross-sectional shape, production method, material, connection method, coating characteristics, and application.
Despite the diversity, steel pipes remain a fundamental component in modern infrastructure and industrial applications. Their versatility and cost-effectiveness continue to make them indispensable in many fields.
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