The pressure of China's environment and resources is forcing the mining industry to make structural adjustments. Faced with the pressure of increasing resources and the environment, the transformation and upgrading of the mining industry is imminent.
China's gold industry is facing pressure on environmental resources, more so than the general mining. In particular, the cyanide gold extraction method applied in most mines today, due to the misunderstanding caused by the lack of understanding of the cyanide properties, the state is preparing to impose environmental taxes on the cyanide tailings generated by the cyanide gold extraction method in the gold industry. This has become a "sword" that will hang over the gold industry in the future. Once this "sword" falls, the blow to the gold industry may be devastating.
Cyanidation process of gold more than 100 years of history, is still the world's gold industry is the main method to extract gold and silver from a gold mine in fines. From the perspective of the development of science and technology, the technology to replace cyanide gold is still in the accumulation and testing stage. Although there are many technologies and products to replace cyanide gold in the market, there are still various shortcomings in various technical indicators compared with the cyanide gold extraction method. In the foreseeable future, cyanide gold will still be the main method for gold production in the world gold industry.
Then, in the face of the pressure of China's resource and environmental revenue tightening, how can China's gold industry respond?
The answer is the tailings filling.
At this stage, the gold enterprises deal with tailings, a total of tailings storage, production of building materials and underground filling.
The tailings storage is the main method for the gold enterprises to digest the tailings in these years. After the air-dried and harmless cyanide tailings are discharged and filled into the tailings pond, the enterprise begins to close the warehouse and green the tailings pond. .
However, after more than a decade of rapid development in the gold industry, many enterprises are facing the status quo of the original tailings storage capacity, and the need to re-land acquisition of new tailings ponds. With the increasing cost of land acquisition, the construction of new tailings ponds has become a big economic burden for enterprises, and the current gold price is at a low level. Most gold mining enterprises are facing losses or being at the margin of loss, and then increasing the cost of building tailings storage. It will be even worse for the business of the company.
The production of building materials through comprehensive resource recovery technology is another method for gold mining companies to digest cyanide tailings. In recent years, some gold mining enterprises have used the tailings to produce foam bricks and solid bricks for construction, which have already formed a certain scale. However, most of the gold mines are located in remote and deep forests. It is a high cost to transport construction materials out to the market. Therefore, this “looking beautiful†project is also facing cost constraints. For the enterprise, the loss of the sale of money, who can not afford it for a long time.
Since both methods have their drawbacks, we can only turn our attention to the underground filling.
Over the years, underground filling technology has developed rapidly, and many gold mining companies have adopted this technology. Some companies can digest 50% of tailings through downhole filling, but for most companies, the proportion of tailings digested using this technology is still low. On the one hand, the tailings pond is not full, and the pressure of underground filling is not large; on the other hand, due to the contradiction between underground filling and limited shaft transportation, the further development of underground filling is restricted.
There are spears and shields, and the limitation of tailings filling has been practiced. At present, some professional outsourcing companies engaged in underground filling have been developed. Because of this focus on this segment, this professional outsourcing company has many advantages compared to the mining company's own underground filling: it can reduce the cost of backfilling, and the outsourcing company can have certain economic benefits.
For example, Shandong Huifa Technology Co., Ltd. has taken the lead in filling engineering contracting, filling equipment manufacturing, filling design, investment construction and operation (BOT). Through the use of investment filling cooperation mode, one is to reduce the investment in the filling system; the second is to reduce the operating costs and maintenance costs of the system equipment; the third is to improve the degree of automation, reduce staffing; the fourth is to use new cementitious materials to reduce cementation Cost; Fifth, the resource recovery rate is increased, the service life of the mine is extended, the mine safety is improved, and the management cost of the tailings pond is reduced.
In recent years, Shandong Huifa filling system project has been applied to more than 50 mines at home and abroad. Among them, Shandong and Shandong Energy Group HuiFa caozhuang coal mine owned cooperative projects, is the first case of the use of water filling the prevention and cure, the success of the liberation of the base plate bearing coal project on water resources, in December 2011 by the Shandong Province Science and Technology Agency identified as International leading level. Shandong Huifa and Hebei Xingtai Energy's Xingtai Coal Mine's filling system project won the second prize of National Science and Technology Progress Award and is the highest award in the domestic coal industry science and technology field. The project also won the first prize of Hebei Province Science and Technology Progress. The experience of Shandong Huifa can be copied to gold mining enterprises.
In addition to professional filling companies, in the future, new gold mining enterprises should consider the filling system at the beginning of design, thus effectively reducing the cost of underground filling.
The National Hazardous Waste List (hereinafter referred to as the “Listâ€) issued by the United Nations Development and Reform Commission and the Ministry of Public Security of the Ministry of Environmental Protection will be implemented as of August 1, 2016, which will “use cyanide for cyanide tails produced during gold beneficiation . The slag is classified as hazardous waste, and according to the relevant regulations of the People's Republic of China Environmental Protection Tax Law to be implemented on January 1, 2018, an environmental protection tax of 1,000 yuan/ton will be imposed on hazardous waste.
Now, less than one year away from 2018, during this time, there is a game between the gold industry and the policy. At the same time, the gold industry should also take the initiative to adapt to the general trend and maximize the digestion of cyanide tailings. Downhole backfilling is a relatively ideal choice under the current situation.
At the same time, China's gold industry has to increase research on alternative cyanide gold extraction technology. After all, China's environmental and resource pressures will only grow larger in the future. It is necessary to solve the cyanide tailings problem once and for all, and replace cyanide gold extraction. The universal application of new non-cyanide gold extraction technology is the only way.
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