The flotation process of bauxite mainly includes positive flotation process and reverse flotation process. The positive flotation process has been widely applied in recent years. In order to solve the problem that coarse particles are difficult to float in the positive flotation process, the researchers proposed a process of concentrated flotation, coarse subdivision selection and so on. The bauxite “selective grinding-agglomeration flotation desiliconization process†utilizes the selective disintegration characteristics of bauxite to enhance the separation of aluminum and silicon by selective grinding and selective agglomeration flotation. Aluminum minerals are combined, and the amount of flotation reagents is greatly reduced, and the processing capacity is improved. The process has obtained good technical indexes in the beneficiation and desiliconization of bauxite of various scales with different origins and different ratios of aluminum to silicon. “Selective grinding-aggregation flotation desiliconization process†has achieved good results in the production and application of Chinalco Zhongzhou Branch in the bauxite ore dressing with aluminum-to-silicon ratio of about 5.5 and 3.5. It provides reliable high-quality raw materials for the production of alumina by Bayer Process, and provides an effective solution to solve the shortage of high-quality bauxite resources.
In view of the characteristics of bauxite flotation process, Central South University developed the “bauxite selective desilting-cation reverse flotation desiliconization†process and carried out industrial tests. The test results show that the original ore-aluminum-silicon ratio is 5.88 bauxite. After reverse flotation, the ratio of aluminum to silicon in concentrate is 10.12, and the recovery rate of alumina is 82.40%. The concentrate is treated by Bayer method, the pre-desiliconization rate is up to 43%, the concentrate leaching, red mud sedimentation compression performance is good, the pipe knotting speed is low, and the alumina product quality is good.
Xia Liuyin et al. used the Gemini as the collector and starch as the inhibitor for the medium-low aluminum-to-alumina ratio of 5.7 in the Dianchi aluminum-silicon ratio, and obtained the pre-de-sludge reverse flotation process to obtain the concentrate-aluminum-silicon ratio of 9.8. , Al 2 O 3 recovery rate of 71.73% of the final flotation index. Compared with the traditional bauxite treatment of sintering-based bauxite enrichment or sintering and Bayer process, the process greatly reduces the energy consumption of bauxite desiliconization, and is applied to low-alumina-silicon bauxite mines in China. Explore a new idea.
Lu Yiping et al. conducted an aluminum and iron reduction test on a bauxite mine in Shanxi. The results show that the Al 2 O 3 grade can be treated by a coarse-pound one-sweep flotation and a high-gradient magnetic separation process. From 64.80% to 72.57%, the recovery rate was 86.86%; the Fe 2 0 3 content was reduced from 3.28% to 1.81%, and the removal rate was 57.20%.
Wei Dangsheng conducted a comprehensive study on the comprehensive recovery of aluminum and iron from a high-speed iron bauxite ore by using a strong magnetic separation-anion reverse flotation process, and finally obtained aluminum with an Al 2 O 3 content exceeding 68% and a recovery rate exceeding 70%. Concentrates, as well as iron concentrates with an iron grade of over 56% and a recovery rate of over 54%.
Huang Guanghong et al. used a grinding of a high-iron bauxite ore (-0.074mm accounted for 72%) - strong magnetic rough selection - strong magnetic coarse concentrate re-grinding (-0.038mm accounted for 90%) - strong magnetic selection - strong magnetic Concentrate re-flotation treatment of iron stripping process, and finally obtained high-quality iron concentrate, the combination of magnetic separation tailings and reverse flotation tailings is aluminum concentrate.
2 Zinc oxide Copper, Lead ore flotation process
White lead ore and malachite often use the vulcanization-xanthate method to obtain better sorting index, while for the zinc oxide ore-based zinc oxide ore flotation process, there are vulcanization-amine method, vulcanization-xanthate method, and fatty acid direct floating. The selection, flocculation-flotation method, re-election-flotation combined process and roasting-flotation process, wherein the vulcanization-amine process is relatively mature. For Yunnan Lanping zinc oxide, due to its large amount of clay, in the vulcanized - when Amine flotation process, it is necessary desliming, which results in about 25% of the metal loss. Feng Qiming of Central South University successfully achieved the flotation flotation by using the lead-zinc ore slurry flotation technology. The main technical indicators obtained in the industrial test are: 6.5%-7.5% zinc in the ore, 88% zinc oxidation rate, zinc oxide concentrate. Containing zinc 18% to 20%, the total zinc recovery rate is 80%. Sun Wei et al. studied the refractory lead-zinc ore in the form of deep oxidation and zinc mainly in the form of heteropolar ore in Wuyuan County, Yunnan Province, and carried out the direct flotation of butyl sulphate and sulphate-butyl sulphate. Study on the technical conditions of the selection of white lead ore and sulfurized-thiophenol phenol flotation heteropolar ore.
For some refractory copper oxide, such as calcium, magnesium refractory oxide copper, in Kunming University of Technology, Beijing Research Institute of Mining and Yunnan Copper Industry (Group) Co., the country completed the "15" scientific and technological projects and The Ministry of Finance's major industrial technology transformation project, "Difficult to deal with high-calcium-magnesium-oxidized copper ore high-efficiency smelting technology," first proposed the idea of ​​combining copper oxide. For the ore with high oxidation rate and medium-low combination rate, a single flotation process is adopted. For the high oxidation rate, high binding rate and high calcium-magnesium “three high†ore, the combined process of metallurgy and metallurgy is adopted, and the copper oxide ore is developed. New process technology for grinding-co-activation-strong capture. Phase transfer activation and vulcanization-promoted activation were first proposed. The theory of system activation of micro-dissolution activation and phase-change activation has independently developed a new type of activator, which has greatly improved the flotation index; developed a new type of chelating combination collector to synergistically enhance the recovery of copper oxide ore.
3 metal carbonate flotation process
Value of mining minerals metal carbonates mainly calamine, Ling manganese ore, siderite and the like. For the flotation of smithsonite and rhodochrosite, their separation from limestone and dolomite is a technical difficulty in the sorting process. Because of its high density and certain magnetic properties, manganese oxide ore is generally selected by re-election and magnetic separation. For some refractory manganese ores, people are increasingly considering the use of flotation for separation, but for The separation of manganese ore and limestone is still difficult to achieve at present. SHHosseini studied the flotation behavior of the zinc ore in the Angooran region of Iran with KAX and DDA as collectors. The recovery rate of the single use of the zinc ore in both agents was less than 40%. When the two agents are used in combination in a certain proportion, the adsorption of the agent on the mineral surface is greatly increased, and a good index of 96.6% of the flotation recovery rate is achieved.
Cao Xuefeng et al. used oleic acid as the main collector, SDBS as the synergist, water glass as the inhibitor of silicate minerals such as quartz , and sodium carbonate as the pulp pH adjuster for flotation of low-grade manganese carbonate ore in a certain area. Separation.
4 Calcium-containing mineral flotation process
There are valuable calcium-containing mineral scheelite, fluorite, apatite and the like, often present as dolomite and limestone gangue minerals.
The difficulty in flotation of fluorite ore is the separation of calcium-containing minerals such as calcium fluoride and calcium carbonate. As the content of calcium carbonate in the ore increases, the difficulty of sorting increases. The existing flotation process mainly uses acidified water glass to carbonic acid. Calcium is inhibited. Deng Haibo used a self-made new low-temperature-resistant collector DW-1 for a quartz-type fluorite ore with a CaF 2 grade of 17.32% in a raw ore. The good index of the fluorite concentrate CaF 2 grade was 98.37% and the recovery rate was 80.12%. .Song et al. studied the flotation of a fluorite mine in Mexico and found that the particles of fluorite, quartz and calcite in fluorite flotation are easy to form multiphase condensation in aqueous solution, which is not conducive to the sorting of fluorite. They used CMC as a dispersant to effectively separate the fluorite and gangue minerals. When the concentrate grade was 98%, the recovery rate increased from 72% to 78.5%.
Zhang Guofan conducted a flotation test on fluorite pure minerals and actual ore in response to the strong inhibition of fluorite in a floating tungsten tailings mine in China, and developed a new activator ANF-1 which can effectively restore the floatability of fluorite. .
Flotation involves separation between the silicon-containing mineral apatite, dolomite mineral, is still present - reverse flotation or double reverse flotation process based -. Ge Yingyong et al. used a double-reverse flotation process of anion collector anti-floating magnesium and cationic collector anti-floating silicon for Yuan'an low-grade phosphate rock. Chengde area is rich in magnetite resources. The ore reserves are about 1 billion tons, but the grade is extremely low. Shi Shuaixing et al. will float the tailings after ore magnetic separation to obtain P 2 O 5 , apatite + 0.25mm. More than 50%, using JJF160m 3 flotation machine, effectively solved the problem of coarse particle circulation, P 2 O 5 grade increased from 2.12% to 30.68%, and the recovery rate reached 47.97%.
Sun Wei used the double reverse flotation process for the properties of a phosphate rock. First, under the acidic condition, the anion collector B-1 was used for reverse flotation to remove magnesium. The demagnesium concentrate was then trapped with cations under alkaline conditions. The agent B-2 removes the silicate impurities, and the grade of the finally obtained phosphate concentrate is 32.69%, the recovery rate is as high as 81.76%, and the MgO is 1.53%.
Sun Chuanqi, Qiu Xianyang, et al., in the key technology and industrial application of complex refractory tungsten ore, the new technology of beneficiation of the same type of molybdenum- rich scheelite, using special pyrite flotation agent and molybdenum The special flotation process of tungsten-like scheelite and the complete flotation process of “molybdenum-enhanced desulfurization-highly efficient recovery of molybdenum-tungsten-like scheelite†solves the low associated with pyrrhotite The problem of flotation technology of grade molybdenum-tungsten-like scheelite.
5 Research progress in iron ore flotation process
Due to the poor natural floatability of magnetite and the low flotation speed, the reverse flotation process is usually used to float the gangue minerals to improve the iron grade. The main gangue in iron ore is quartz and silicate minerals. At present, there are two kinds of magnetite reverse flotation processes: (1) cationic collector reverse flotation quartz and silicate; (2) anion collector reverse flotation activated quartz.
In recent years, in order to meet the requirements of the market, many units and factories and mines have done a lot of research and development work around “lifting iron and reducing siliconâ€, and adopted different technical solutions to carry out fruitful technical transformation of the ore dressing plant, and achieved remarkable results. The effect is that the magnetite grade in China is increased from about 65.00% to about 68.50%, and SiO 2 is reduced from 8% to 9% to less than 4%.
Zhang Lingyan et al. used a magnetic separation-reverse flotation process for a fine-grained inlaid magnetite in Qinghai. The final refined iron grade was 67.42% and the iron recovery was 56.92%.
Liu Jun et al. conducted a phase grinding-weak magnetic separation-reverse flotation process test on a lean magnetite. The selection criteria were: concentrate yield 36.58%, iron grade 69.94%, and iron recovery rate 83.63%.
Jiugang carried out reverse flotation industrial test on magnetized roasting-magnetic iron ore concentrate, the ore grade was 56.53%, and the flotation process was one rough selection, one selection and four sweeps. The test result was: iron concentrate grade 61.82%, tailings grade 24.20%, concentrate recovery rate 93.98%.
Hematite reserves in China have a large proportion of iron ore reserves, characterized by low grade, fine grain size and high mud content, which makes the ore dressing difficult. The braided hematite is the most difficult iron ore to be selected at home and abroad, and its reserves account for about 1/9 of the national iron ore reserves. At present, the research on the ore dressing of braided hematite at home and abroad includes: magnetization roasting-magnetic separation-reverse flotation, weak alkali-strong magnetic-reverse flotation, selective flocculation desilting-strong magnetic tailing-cation reverse flotation, etc. Process. Zhang Hanquan et al. conducted a magnetization roasting-magnetic separation-reverse flotation test on the Oxi-like hematite with an iron grade of 43.76% and a phosphorus content of 0.84%. The iron grade was 58.95%, the comprehensive recovery rate was 80%, and the phosphorus content was obtained. 0.50% iron concentrate. Chen Xinlin et al. adopted a weak magnetic-strong magnetic-reverse flotation process for the Anshan-type lean hematite ore, and obtained an iron concentrate with an iron grade of 67.81%, a sulfur content of 0.019%, and a recovery rate of 65.68%. Guan Xiang et al. used a weak magnetic-strong magnetic-strong magnetic-cation reverse flotation process for a difficult-to-select hematite, and obtained a mixed concentrate yield of 41.89%, iron grade (TFe) of 62.07%, and iron recovery (TFe). 65.01% of the indicators. Liu Youcai et al. used a new technology of selective flocculation desilting-strong magnetic tailing-cation reverse flotation to study the reverse flotation of the high-mud fine-grained hematite in a certain area of ​​Shuzhou. An iron concentrate with a grade of 59.8% and a recovery of 94.2%.
6 other oxidized ore
The separation of quartz and feldspar flotation is still based on the hydrofluoric acid method (also known as fluorine acid method) and the fluorine-free acid method. In recent years, although researchers have carried out a lot of research work on fluorine-free and acid-free methods, However, the actual application needs to be further improved. The treatment process of flotation fine-grained black tungsten ore mainly includes selective flocculation-flotation process, strong magnetic separation-flotation process and re-election-black tungsten fine mud flotation combined process.
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