Introduction to lead and zinc ore dressing technology

Lead-zinc ore generally has to be refined and concentrate to concentrate lead and zinc metal products. The ore technology processing and smelting test is an important part of geological exploration work and one of the important basis for evaluating whether the deposit can be used for commodity ore development. Therefore, the ore optional test must be carried out during the geological exploration process. In the detailed investigation or preliminary survey stage, the laboratory preliminary optional test should be generally carried out, and detailed optional tests should be carried out in the preliminary survey or detailed survey stage. When large or medium-sized or super-large deposits with large ore content is complex and have great comprehensive utilization value, in addition to detailed optional tests, laboratory-scale expansion tests are also required when necessary. For certain ore types, laboratory smelting tests are also required when the ore dressing method fails to obtain qualified concentrate products or if monomer separation is not possible.

Before conducting the ore optional test, the ore material composition should be studied first, the ore type should be classified, the state of occurrence of the element should be ascertained, the mineral type, the ore structure and the grain size characteristics of the ore should be identified, and a reasonable process flow should be provided for the ore dressing test. in accordance with.

The lead-zinc ore industrial type is divided into sulfide ore (lead or zinc oxidation rate <10%), oxidized ore (lead or zinc oxidation rate >30%), mixed ore according to the ore oxidation degree. (Lead or zinc oxidation rate 10% to 30%). Press different ore useful components, can be divided into lead ore, zinc ores, zinc ore, copper, lead and zinc ores, sulfur, lead and zinc ores, copper, lead and zinc ores sulfur, tin-lead ore, lead ore, antimony, zinc, copper ore and the like . According to different ore structure, it can be divided into disseminated ore, dense block ore, breccia ore, strip ore, fine vein disseminated ore.

When the metallurgical department needs to be sorted according to the ore type, mining, sorting (smelting), and can be circled on the geological section and connected to the adjacent sections, the distribution range should be circled and the reserves should be calculated separately.

The beneficiation test of lead-zinc ore, depending on the type of ore, selects different beneficiation methods. Sulfide ore is usually floated. The oxidized ore is flotation by flotation or re-election with flotation, or after flotation by sulphide roasting, or after re-election, treatment with sulphuric acid and then flotation. For lead-zinc ore containing polymetallics, a general beneficiation method such as magnetic-floating, heavy-floating, heavy-magnetic-floating is generally used.

Regardless of the type of ore, or the method of mineral processing and its process, the concentrate grade should conform to the current non-ferrous metal industry standard promulgated by the state, namely the lead concentrate standard YS/T319-1997 (instead of YS/T319-94). Zinc concentrate standard YS/T320-1997 (instead of YS/T320-94), see Table 3.8.8.

Table 3.8.8 National Nonferrous Metals Industry Standard Lead-Zinc Concentrate Chemical Composition (%)

In recent years, China's mineral processing technical and economic indicators are shown in Table 3.8.9.

Table 3.8.9 Technical and economic indicators of lead-zinc ore dressing

Lead-zinc ore smelting method: Lead-sulphide concentrate is the main mineral raw material for lead smelting. The smelting methods are fire method and wet method. At present, the fire method is the main method, and the wet method is at the experimental research stage. The pyrometallurgical lead is subjected to sintering roasting-blast furnace melting, reaction smelting, precipitation smelting and the like. The refining of lead is mainly by fire refining, followed by electrolytic refining.

Zinc sulfide concentrate is the main mineral raw material for zinc smelting, as well as fire and wet smelting. Fire smelting uses vertical tank distillation, flat tank distillation or electric furnace; wet zinc smelting has developed rapidly in the past 20 years and has become the main method of zinc smelting. The crude zinc obtained by the pyrometallurgical zinc is refined or directly applied by distillation; and the electrolytic zinc obtained by the wet zinc smelting is of high quality and does not require refining.

For difficult-to-separate lead-zinc sulfide concentrates, it is generally treated by a closed blast furnace smelting method that simultaneously produces lead and zinc. For the extremely difficult to sort lead oxide zinc mixed mine, China has a unique treatment method, that is, the lead or zinc mixed ore or its enriched product is sintered in a blast furnace after sintering or pelletizing to obtain crude lead and lead. The zinc melting furnace slag is further fumed in a fuming furnace to obtain a zinc oxide product, and zinc is obtained by wet zinc smelting. In addition, zinc oxide products can be obtained by direct smouldering in a rotary kiln.

China's lead and zinc concentrate products are rich in associated components, which have been comprehensively recovered in the smelting process, and the economic benefits are considerable. Comprehensive recovered lead smelting copper, sulfur, zinc, gold, silver, platinum group metals, bismuth, thallium, cadmium, selenium, tellurium, and other products. Sulphur, lead, copper, gold, silver, indium , gallium , antimony , cadmium, cobalt , antimony, mercury and other products are recovered in the smelting of zinc.

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