For example, sulfonated petroleum , alkyl aryl xanthate, and the like. Its molecular formula is RSO 3 Na and its structural formula is: Â
Â
 | O |  |
 | ‖ |  |
R — S — O - ... H + ( Na + , K + ), which is a stronger acid pKa ≈ 1.5 |
 | ‖ |  |
 | O |   |
In the formula, R is an alkyl group, an alkylaryl group or a cycloalkyl group.
Wherein the sulfonated petroleum refining byproduct obtained, commonly referred to as petroleum sulfonates, sulfonated coal oil obtained after hydrocarbyl sulfonate, sulfonated called kerosene. Petroleum sulfonic acid and sodium petroleum sulfonate are agents that have great applications in non-sulfurized ore flotation. According to its solubility characteristics, it is divided into two categories: water-soluble and oil-soluble.
The water-soluble sulfonate has a small amount of a hydrocarbon group and is a product containing a branched chain or a mixed alkyl chain containing an alkylaryl group. The water solubility is good, the trapping property is not too strong, and the foaming property is good. It can be used as a foaming agent (such as sodium dodecyl sulfate), as a collector for sulfide ore (such as sodium cetylsulfonate) or for flotation of non-sulfurized ore. The sulfonate hydrocarbon group has a large molecular weight, and when the hydrocarbon group is an alkyl group, the hydrocarbon chain contains more than 20 C , is substantially insoluble in water, and is soluble in a non-polar oil. Its collector is strong, mainly for non-sulfide mineral collector, commonly used in the flotation of iron oxide ore and non-metallic ore (e.g., fluorite apatite and the like).
Compared with fatty acids, sulfonates have good water solubility, good low temperature resistance, strong resistance to hard water, and strong foaming properties. Its capture capacity and fatty acid ratio of the same number of carbon atoms are slightly lower and sometimes have better selectivity.
Other sulfonates are sulfosuccinate (alkyl sulfonamide):
| | CH 2 (CH 2 ) 16 CH | |
| Â Â Â Â Â Â | - | |
NaSO 3 — CH — CO — N — CH — COONa | |
| - | | - | |
| CH 2 — COONa | CH2 — COONa |
N - octadecane N - (1, 2 carboxyethyl) sulfonating the amide amber tetrasodium salt.
It is a translucent light yellow liquid, for cassiterite flotation, celestite, iron oxide, lead carbonate and lead sulfide ore minerals. It has good collection performance for fine-grained cassiterite, fast flotation speed and low dosage ( 50 ~ 100 g/t ). The disadvantage is that it has a trapping effect on calcium-containing minerals (such as calcite ) and is therefore less selective. It is suitable for use in acidic media, and in alkaline media, it will decompose and its collection performance will be reduced. The tetrasodium salt is easily soluble in water, non-toxic and easily biodegradable.
The same kind of agent also has sulfosuccinic acid (.N -octadecylsulfonated oxime amide disodium salt), 209 detergent ( N -oleoyl N -methyl taurate), etc., all of which are capable of flotation of red iron mine.
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