There are many kinds of minerals, and among many minerals, useful minerals can be used for humans. In a mineral aggregate containing a useful mineral, if the content of the useful component is enriched and used under current technical and economic conditions, the mineral aggregate is called ore.
In the ore, in addition to useful minerals, there are almost always some minerals that are currently not enriched or that are not yet available for use in the industry. These minerals are called gangues. For coal, the coal can not be called as a gangue use of SiO2 as the main component of the ore.
Useful minerals and unwanted gangues are usually symbiotic, and the ore needs to be broken up to separate them from each other. Then, the useful minerals are enriched and the useless gangues are discarded. Such a process is called a beneficiation project. Referred to for mineral processing. The enriched useful minerals selected from the ore dressing are valuable products, called concentrates; the priceless products discarded are called tailings. For coal, coal and vermiculite are separated to obtain products of different quality, called coal preparation.
In raw or raw coal, the useful components and useless gangue or vermiculite, which can be separated from each other after the beneficiation process, are based on the physical properties of various materials (such as particle size, density, shape, hardness, color, gloss, magnetic properties). Electrical, etc.), the physicochemical properties of the surface (such as the wettability of the surface of the particles, etc.) and the differences in chemical properties. Therefore, according to these different properties, different processing methods can be used to achieve the purpose of sorting.
For example, the difference in physical properties of material particles, as a basis for sorting, and the corresponding sorting method, can be collectively referred to as physical beneficiation. That is to say, physical beneficiation is to use the physical properties of materials and physical methods to complete the processing of mineral raw materials.
If the physicochemical properties of the surface of the mineral particles are different, the ore or coal is selected, which is called floating ore dressing or floating coal preparation, referred to as flotation.
Physical beneficiation or flotation beneficiation, the purpose of which is to mechanically separate useful minerals (or coal) from gangue (or vermiculite). The sorting process does not change the physical and chemical properties inherent in the material itself, so it is customary to call them mechanical beneficiation. It can be seen that physical beneficiation is a beneficiation method in the mechanical beneficiation method.
The physical beneficiation method is the earliest method used by humans in the process of processing minerals in ancient times for the needs of life and production.
In physical beneficiation, due to one or two physical properties of the material, it can be divided into several different sorting methods, mainly the following:
Gravity beneficiation method, referred to as re-election. It is based on the different density (grain size, shape) of the material in the sorting medium (water, air and medium with density greater than water), because of its different state of motion, sorting method. Gravity separation is widely used in coal, tungsten, tin, gold and other metal ores sorting. Rare metal ores and non-metallic ores are also often used for re-election.
Magnetic beneficiation method, referred to as magnetic separation. It is a beneficiation method that utilizes the magnetic difference between minerals to separate magnetically different materials in an inhomogeneous magnetic field. Mainly used for sorting ferromagnetic and partially weak magnetic minerals. The ferrous metal ores (iron ore, manganese ore) sorting; selection of non-ferrous and precious metals ores; removing iron impurities from non-metallic mineral material; and domestic water purification and production by magnetic separation.
Power beneficiation method, referred to as electrification. It is a beneficiation method that utilizes the difference in electrical properties of minerals in a high-voltage electric field to separate them. Electrification is widely used for the selection of non-ferrous metals and rare metal ores, as well as for the selection of ferrous metals (fu, manganese, chrome ore); it can be used for sorting pulverized coal as well as for sorting diamonds. Non-metallic minerals such as graphite , asbestos , kaolin and talc . It can also be used for the selection of grains and seeds and the recycling of industrial waste.
Picking is the oldest sorting method in physical beneficiation methods and the simplest method of beneficiation, namely hand selection. However, mechanized picking has only gradually developed since the 1950s. The mineral physical properties currently used are: surface light, excited light, radioactivity, radiation absorption characteristics, magnetic properties and electrical properties.
In addition to physical beneficiation, when using useful minerals and gangues to move the slope, the separation is based on the difference in friction coefficient, called friction dressing. If the mineral composition of some ores has a significant difference in elasticity, so that they fall on the slope, the trajectory of the rebound will be different, and the elastic point will be far away, so that different products can be obtained, that is, bouncing. selected.
In summary, all of the above are physical beneficiation. Among various physical beneficiation methods, re-election has the widest application range and is therefore the most important beneficiation method. In particular, coal preparation, as well as the sorting of tungsten and tin ore, re-election occupy a prominent position. Magnetic separation, electrification and other several physical beneficiation methods each have their own specific use range. For the sorting of ferrous metals, namely iron and manganese ore, magnetic separation plays an important role.
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