“Exhaust from diesel vehicles has become the top priority for the country’s vehicle exhaust management. Although the proportion of diesel vehicles in motor vehicles is relatively small, it is a major emitter of exhaust gas.†In early March, Hong Tang Securities analyst Tang Xin told the “New Industry†that Although the quality of domestic gasoline has been upgrading, but the quality of diesel has been stagnant. Most of the domestic diesel is still the country's second standard, and only a small number of regions have successively implemented local diesel third and fourth stage standards.
The above factors have also caused heavy-duty diesel vehicles to be the "main force" of exhaust emissions. According to the data, heavy-duty diesel vehicles, which account for about 4% of China's motor vehicle fleet, have taken 56% of nitrogen oxide emissions.
On February 6, the General Office of the State Council issued the "Opinions of the General Office of the State Council on Strengthening Energy-saving and Emission Reduction of the Internal Combustion Engine Industry" (hereinafter referred to as the "Opinions"). It is pointed out that by 2015, energy-saving internal combustion engine products will occupy the entire society's internal combustion engine products. At 60% of the volume, the fuel consumption rate of the internal combustion engine and the total amount of nitrogen oxide emissions were reduced by 6%-10% and 10% respectively compared with 2010.
Among them, three of the six key projects in the "Opinions" specifically target the upgrading of diesel engines.
“Reducing vehicle exhaust emissions has already reached a bottleneck. This can be seen from the gap between the national and national IV emission standards. However, if the internal combustion engine can be more fuel-efficient, it can indirectly reduce exhaust emissions.†An Engineer of a Joint Venture Automotive Group The reporter told the “New Industry†reporter that the so-called energy-saving internal combustion engines need more perspectives from the perspective of fuel-efficient and provincial resources.
Conflicting costs
At present, almost all domestic heavy-duty freight vehicles, long-distance passenger vehicles, agricultural vehicles, and some railway locomotives are diesel-powered, except for some cities in the first and second tier cities that have been replaced with natural gas or electricity (quotations) engines. The rest are diesel-powered. In addition, there are still a considerable number of diesel private cars in the country.
The data shows that about 80% of PM2.5 fine particulates emitted by motor vehicles come from diesel vehicles, and the proportion of such vehicles in China’s total motor vehicles is less than one-fifth.
Based on this, diesel vehicles are subject to "special care" in the "Opinions."
The six key projects of the “Opinions†are: “Demonstration Project for Compression Ignition Combustion Engine High-Pressure Fuel Injection Systemâ€, “Application Demonstration Project for Energy-saving and Material-saving Small Bore Diameter Multi-cylinder Diesel Engine,†and “Application of Marine Diesel Engine Energy Integration (quotation area)†"Engineering", "In-Cylinder Direct Injection Fuel Injection System Demonstration Project", "Engine Internal Combustion Supercharger System Application Demonstration Project" and alternative fuel applications. Among them, the first three are specific to diesel engines.
“The domestic diesel engine technology is relatively mature, and there should be no problem in upgrading.†Tang Hao told reporters that the energy conservation and emission reduction products and technologies listed in the “Opinions†are basically mature and have the conditions for large-scale promotion. Some manufacturers have even advanced the layout of technology and manufacturing.
“Before diesel engines were not upgraded, it was because of unclear policies, too slow diesel oil upgrades and other reasons,†Tang said.
However, the engineers of the joint venture auto group stated that although there is no problem with the diesel engine upgrade, in the long run, the development of China's core technologies and standards still needs to be strengthened.
“China’s technology and emission standards have been led by foreign countries. In the 1990s, foreign countries sold the outdated Euro 1 and Euro 2 diesel vehicles and technologies to China. At present, China’s emission standards, It also completely copied the European standards at the time, lagging behind for three or four years," said the engineer.
However, the diesel engine upgrade will inevitably bring about an increase in costs.
Tang Hao said that when the country's second diesel engine upgraded the country's three diesel engines, the terminal price rose by 30,000 yuan to 50,000 yuan. The country's three diesel engines have been upgraded to the National IV diesel engine. "It is estimated that it will be more expensive, and it must reach 40,000 yuan to 50,000 yuan."
On the contrary, the increase in the cost of diesel engines is almost the same as the cost savings.
According to the "Opinions" to reduce diesel engine fuel consumption of 5%-8% calculation, a vehicle loaded with energy-saving diesel engines, each year can save 20,000 yuan to 32,000 yuan, the service life of 9-10 years.
"Of course it is good to save fuel! The biggest sports car cost is fuel costs and tolls." Mr. Xu, who ran transportation throughout the Northeast, calculated a sum of money. He ran about 120,000 kilometers a year, and oil costs about 2.7 yuan per kilometer in summer. It is about 4 yuan. On average, about 60,000 liters of diesel are consumed in one year, and only about 400,000 liters of oil will be spent.
However, the national diesel fuel standard to be implemented starting on July 1 will also bring about the problem of rising oil prices. According to the increase of 0.3 yuan per litre, even if Mr. Xu uses a new type of diesel engine, the oil cost for one year will be at least To increase about 1.7 million.
Turbocharged
Compared with diesel engines, the "Opinions" do not seem to pay too much attention to the gasoline engine, but turbo is still the highlight.
According to the Opinions, by 2015, priority should be given to promoting the application of booster direct injection technology for gasoline engines, mastering core technologies such as combustion and electronic control, and developing key components such as direct injection fuel systems and superchargers, and encouraging special displacement below 2.0 liters. It is a small-displacement gasoline engine with a capacity of less than 1.6 liters. It adopts supercharged and direct injection technology to promote lightweight technology.
"The so-called 'supercharged direct injection technology' actually refers to the turbocharged system." The above-mentioned engineers told the "New Industry" that the system is more powerful than the conventional naturally-aspirated engines and relatively more fuel-efficient, but the emission indicators However, there is not much difference. “However, under conditions where vehicles are generally more fuel efficient, overall emissions can be reduced, which has a positive effect on the management of smog.â€
What is paradoxical is that gasoline turbocharger, catalytic reduction, and electronic control technologies are basically in the hands of foreign companies.
Currently, although SAIC, Geely, Chery, BYD, and Great Wall own their own turbocharged engine products, BYD and Chery have also launched self-developed turbocharged models, but there is still a certain gap between them and joint venture models. .
"If the self-owned brand is well funded, it can also directly buy technology from foreign companies. Even if it chooses independent research and development, it will take only two years at most." The above engineer said that because the independent brands all have a certain basis, they are not technically aware. There are too many obstacles.
Based on this, the "Opinions" proposes to realize the localization and large-scale production of high-efficiency, energy-saving and environment-friendly internal combustion engine main engines and their parts and components manufacturing equipment, and to establish policies, regulations, and standards system for energy-saving and emission reduction of internal combustion engine products.
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